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BATES, William Horatio, physician, born in Newark, NJ, December 23, 1860, son of Charles and Amelia (Halsey ) Bates. He graduated (AB) at Cornell University in 1881, received his medical specialty in the "College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1885. He started his practice in New York, and was for a hospital clinical assistant to the eyes and ears of Manhattan and attending physician at Bellevue Hospital, 1886-88, and the New York Eye Infirmary ", the" Northern Dispensary "and" Northeastern Dispensary " 1886-98.
has been an instructor in ophthalmology at the School's degree from New York, 1886-91. In his professional work Bates initially turned his attention to the various organs of the head but eventually was limited to only one eye. He resigned from the hospital appointments in 1896 and for several years he was involved in experimental work. After practicing for several years in Grand Forks, N. Dak., He returned to New York Hospital and was assistant physician in Harlem between 1907 and 1922. In his research, Bates has shown experimentally that the normal eye fixation is central, but never stationary, and the technique he developed to deal with imperfect sight without the use glasses was based on this principle.
From a physiological point of view, this technique was not simply the practical application of psychological theory in the field of awareness, which is claimed as a focal point, the so-called point of apperception, surrounded by a field of growing uncertainty. His method was to develop the central fixation by training the patient in the dual art of relaxing and focusing the eyes. While carrying out his experiments developed a method for photographing the eye to detect changes in its curvature during normal operation. His work is discussed in the article "A Study of Images Reflected from the Cornea, Iris, Lens and Sclera" (Published in the NY Med Jour., May 18, 1918).
His research on the influence of memory on the function of vision are described in "Memory as an Aid to Vision" (published on NYMed. Jour., May 24, 1919). In 1894 while trying to determine the therapeutic effect on the eye of the active ingredients of the endocrine glands, he discovered the astringent and hemostatic properties of the aqueous extract of the suprarenal capsule, later commercialized as adrenaline. In 1896 he announced this discovery in a paper read before the Academy of Medicine in New York.
has introduced a new operation for relief of persistent deafness in 1896, which was to puncture or incise the tympanic membrane. He published a book, "Perfect Eyesight Without Glasses" (1919), which had printed at his own expense, in which he disclosed his theories, which were largely contrary to established practice ophthalmology. He also wrote several articles to describe his methods. He was a member of the Medical Society of the State of New York and was affiliated to the Dutch Reformed Church.
He loved sports, especially tennis, where he won many titles, and of which he was state champion when he lived in North Dakota. He was an excellent runner and advanced age of fifty-eight was still able to win a race. Bates was a quiet and modest man, a serious student literature and astronomy, with a weakness for children. He was married three times: (1) in 1883, to Edith Kitchell of New York and they had a son, Halsey Bates, died in 1886, (2) Margaret Crawford, who died in 1927, leaving two children, William Crawford, Milo and Bates, wife of Charles McComb, and (3) August 9, 1928, to Mrs. Emily (Ackerman) Lierman, daughter of Robert Ackerman, of Newark, NJ Bates died in New York, July 10, 1931.
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